Histological study of intraocular changes in rabbits after intravitreal gas injection.

To study the effects of different intravitreal gases on intraocular tissues, adult pigmented rabbits were given 0.4 mL intravitreal injections of air, 50% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and air, 100% SF6, 50% perfluoropropane (C3F8), or 100% C3F8. On postinjection days 1, 4, 7, and 14, the eyes were removed and the iris, ciliary body and retina processed for light and electron microscopy. Histopathological examination found no abnormalities in eyes that received air and none in the irises of gas-injected eyes. Eyes that received 50% or 100% SF6, or 50% C3F8 had vacuolar changes in the ciliary body and retina after maximum gas expansion; these changes were transient, returning to normal as the gas was absorbed. Eyes that received 100% C3F8 suffered irreversible damage to the ciliary body and retina, in both the superior and inferior portions. These observations indicate that expansion of some intravitreal gases can cause both reversible and irreversible changes in intraocular tissues. The degree of damage is affected by the duration of exposure and the gas concentration. Highly concentrated, long-lasting gases can cause irreversible changes resulting in breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier and impaired retinal function.